ACADEMIC RESEARCH • 學術研究 49 2025 UMAGAZINE 31 • 澳大新語 This problem can significantly increase a city’s energy consumption and carbon emissions. For example, dense clusters of urban buildings can intensify the urban heat island effect, driving up cooling demands. The waste heat released from air conditioning systems further raises temperatures. Moreover, worsening urban microclimates—characterised by changes in temperature, humidity, pollution, and precipitation—along with inefficient building designs and operations, place even greater strain on energy systems. These dynamics also pose bigger challenges to urban health and sustainability. The lifecycles of urban energy systems and building sectors— from construction to operation, maintenance, and recycling—affect urban meteorology directly and indirectly. Poorly designed building clusters and emissions intensify phenomena such as urban heat islands, rain islands, wind islands, and pollution islands, leading to distinct and increasingly problematic microclimates in a city. These harmful interactions further challenge urban resilience and reliability. The close interdependence between urban meteorological systems, energy networks, and the building sector means that risks or failures in one area can cascade into the others. In particular, in areas with dense building clusters and a reliance on centralised energy systems, extreme weather events like heatwaves, urban flooding, or typhoons can severely compromise energy security and may trigger widespread failures across the closely packed building clusters. Cross-District Collaboration Based on the distribution of building clusters, the zoning patterns of microclimates and energy systems in a city can vary distinctively. Variations in building functions, energy usage, and microclimate characteristics across different districts create opportunities for collaboration to address common challenges. Leveraging the complementary strengths of the energy supply types, grid structures, and load profiles from different districts can enhance the flexibility and resilience of the energy systems. Emerging Technologies and Methods Advancements in technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionising interdisciplinary collaboration. For example, digital twin systems, powered by sensor and communication technologies, enable smarter and more transparent management platforms for energy systems and building sectors. Meanwhile, advancements in materials science and new energy sources are helping to address challenges in cross-disciplinary efforts. For instance, using green phase-change materials and sustainable cooling technologies in building designs can help mitigate urban microclimate deterioration. Effective Policy Guidance Policy initiatives are key to promoting interdisciplinary collaboration among urban researchers. They play a vital role in resolving conflicts of interest, bridging knowledge gaps between disciplines, establishing unified information-sharing platforms, and building guidance and regulatory frameworks to support long-term sustainable development 熱排放、污染與能源消耗等因素與建築特性及城市氣象條件產生相互作用，進 而形成一個影響城市可持續發展與韌性的複雜依存網絡。 Factors such as heat emissions, pollution, and energy consumption interact with building characteristics and urban meteorological conditions, forming a complex web of interdependencies that shape sustainability and resilience in cities.
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