學術研究 • ACADEMIC RESEARCH 58 澳大新語 • 2024 UMAGAZINE 30 its interests with other countries, shaping ‘an international environment that is propitious to its rise as a global power’, as well as becoming a significant international actor and advancing its global vision—to build communities with a shared future for humankind. China’s Strengthening Ties with Portuguese-Speaking Countries Among all Chinese partnerships, less than 10 per cent are not designated as ’strategic’. Meanwhile, the presence of other descriptors such as ‘comprehensive’, ‘cooperative’, ‘all-weather’, ‘all-round’ and ‘friendly’ indicates the scope of cooperation and/or bilateral relations. China and Portuguese-speaking countries have been consistently reinforcing their mutual relations through partnerships. Table 1 depicts the dynamics associated with the establishment and advancement of partnerships between China and the nine Portuguese-speaking countries and their incorporation in regional economic spaces. Up to 2024, all Portuguese-speaking countries have established partnerships with China, and all have reached the ‘strategic’ level, underscoring the importance of these partnerships. Over the past two years (2023 and 2024), China’s partnerships with most Portuguese-speaking countries have significantly improved, especially with Timor-Leste and African Portuguese-speaking countries, facilitating bilateral flows of cooperation and regional integration, namely through access to new markets and production centres. Economic Integration Through Partnerships Chinese partnerships, which are tailor-made cooperation models operating individually or in conjunction with the Belt and Road Initiative, not only contribute to the national development plans of each of the Portuguese-speaking countries, but they also function as mechanisms of economic integration, strengthening their regional role. International relations have never been static, and any bilateral relationships (including partnerships) will evolve. Therefore, these partnerships remain essential diplomatic instruments between China and Portuguese-speaking countries. Side-by-side to the continuing development of bilateral relations between Portugal, Brazil, Timor-Leste and China, the 2024 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) represents the inception of a new era of modernisation in the context of South-South cooperation. Indeed, the 2024 Beijing Summit of FOCAC has reinforced the value of Chinese partnerships as a political-diplomatic instrument as they represent a consensual, pragmatic and cooperative framework for developing a win-win, mutually beneficial relationship. Notably, China’s strategic direction is to eventually establish a community of shared future with every country and region. 「學術研究」為投稿欄目，內容僅代表作者個人意見。 Academic Research is a contribution column. The views expressed are solely those of the author(s). 利天佑是澳門大學社會科學學院國際關係副教授，持有特許任教資格，兼任該院全球與公共事務研究所副主任，2010年 獲葡萄牙天主教大學政治學與國際關係博士學位。 Francisco José Leandro is an associate professor with Habilitation in International Relations in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Macau, and deputy director of the Institute for Global and Public Affairs in the faculty. He received a PhD in Political Science and International Relations from the Catholic University of Portugal in 2010. 李翌超是浙江師範大學非洲研究院助理研究員，2021年獲澳門城市大學葡語國家研究院博士學位，2018年獲澳門大學法 學碩士學位（中文一比較民事法），2021至2022年在葡萄牙里斯本大學學院國際關係研究中心任博士後研究員。 Li Yichao is an assistant research fellow at the Institute of African Studies at Zhejiang Normal University. She received her PhD from the Institute for Research on Portuguese-speaking Countries at the City University of Macau in 2021. She also received a Master of Law in Chinese Language - Comparative Civil Law from the University of Macau in 2018. From 2021 to 2022, she was a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre for International Studies, ISCTE-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal. 葡文版 Article in Portuguese Artigo em português
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