澳大新語 • 2021 UMAGAZINE 24 53 學術研究 • ACADEMIC RESEARCH 學家們不但在研究疫情對犯罪本身產生的影 響，也研究疫情對犯罪治理手段所產生的影 響。人類愈來愈生活在一個監控和自我監控 的時代，當全球都在邁向一些學者所謂之的 監控資本主義的時候，新冠疫情如何加速了 這一進程？為控制疫情，一些地方實施了為期 不等的隔離和封鎖。一些民眾會順從，而另一 些人可能會直接或間接挑戰這些措施。是甚 麼因素造成不同人群的應對策略以及從中我 們如何來理解國家和社會的關係？這些問題 都是我和我的團隊正在進行的研究，希望有 機會再次和大家分享。 美國，即使特朗普已經下台，政治因素依然影 響著部分美國民眾對中國以及新冠疫情的看 法。近期，拜登政府已經出台《新冠仇恨犯罪 法案》（COVID‑19 Hate Crimes Act ）來 打擊針對亞裔的暴力犯罪與歧視行為。但要 解決仇恨犯罪問題可能仍有待時日，因為對 於那些受著種族主義和政治意識形態影響的 民眾來說，他們的仇恨情緒不過是中美之間 緊張政治局勢的一種反映。 新冠疫情是二戰以來影響人類生活最重大的 事件。不同的學科都在從不同的角度來探討 疫情對社會生活方方面面產生的影響。犯罪 Nearly two years into the COVID‑19 pandemic, reflecting on the various social issues that emerged during this period remains an important task for many social scientists. Within the criminological community, many scholars are studying the impact of the epidemic on crime and its governance. At the beginning of the pandemic, lockdowns and home quarantines were imposed in many parts of the world. Most places experienced a drop in overall crime rates during periods of lockdown since human mobility was restricted, which largely reduced the incidence of physical crimes. Some types of crime associated with the outbreak, however, showed an upward trend, such as mask‑related fraud, domestic violence due to home isolation, and hate crimes against Asians in some Western countries. In the early days of the COVID‑19 outbreak, my research team and I discovered many crime problems arising from the outbreak, such as mask fraud, excessive law enforcement, the impact of the outbreak on overall crime rates, and discrimination and hate crimes. One of the studies we conducted, titled ‘Stigma, Discrimination, and Hate Crimes in Chinese‑Speaking World amid Covid‑19 Pandemic’, was published in the Asian Journal of Criminology in early 2021. In this study, we explored the phenomena of stigma, discrimination, and hate crimes against different groups in Chinese‑speaking societies and analysed the causes from three dimensions: psychological fear at the individual level, racial discrimination at the social level, and geopolitical tensions between different countries and regions. In our study, we found that the stigmatised and discriminated groups in mainland China gradually shifted from the people from Wuhan/ Hubei in the early stages to foreigners, particularly Africans. In other areas of the world, the focus of discrimination expanded from Chinese nationals towards people of Asian descent. Behind this discrimination lies the fear of contracting this unknown and highly contagious virus, and the search for a ‘scapegoat’ has become a common psychological response. Although such behaviour is immoral, this phenomenon is typical of most societies. Unfortunately, history repeats itself since such patterns can be found throughout the history of civilisation. If similar plagues occur in the future, certain populations may likely be stigmatised or discriminated against again. When stigma, discrimination, and violence occur between different races, the fear of
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