澳大成功研發全球首個智能中葡英翻譯平台 UM Develops the World’s First Smart Chinese-Portuguese-English Translation Platform
ˍ㦕研ⁱ研發Ǎ成ᗈ֦ 䢬՜֦ ᅞ䢬ᒴˍ個㤔ຯ˗ᒠⅰ ᢴ␗䢬⣌ྭ ᕅ㭓έ̜ 研̿ 㞺研ಾ ࠏ Ǎ س ᑜኼ♘ ݶ ನನ˗яⅰ☃⎖ǎ 20 נ 䢬澳大ⅰˍὥ研̿ ̿͞ 智能ᇤ⻐研發֦ ګ ᒿ翻譯㣊ಞさ ՒǗ中葡㐜ǘ䢬⚭㐿20Ϛᢴಾቆ❼ⅰᇤ⻐研發 ݶ ᏼ㐫䢬ॺ૦͜ 翻 譯☲⚕ⅰᮉㅊ ڌݶ ♐ⅰ⍓˔䢬͌ ־֦ 全ᑓⅰǗॺ⛨中葡英㍴ أ 翻譯平台ǘ 6. $"5 ǎつަ 全球㦦ԯⅰ࣮ 翻譯ᇤ⻐᳤ 翻譯̿ ۠ ॰㡴ༀ㌨〔㐢ˍ⒧ཕᅞ平台䢬ധᕔ أ ͱᜪ ݶ ዞ ڌ 翻譯┷ύ ⅰᐅἐ ݶ ㇰ㕵䢬᳤ 澳㟑ε᳤ 中२⦾葡ゆ२೮ ࠇ ㇋εᕘ ؿ 平台ε֦̜ ⑆ᜲ ⅰㆱἄǎ研॰㡴૦Ϛⅰ˗ᅝ ؛ؤ 䢬♰ᑜᕔ̜͌ ૮ⅰㅳ⌄成ᗈ䢬͒ м㐛͞ 研成ᗈᕘ ؿ 大⇶Ǎㆱἄ⍹ᕐⅰ☃⎖䢬Ѡྲ ᆒмㅖዧ ݶ ಾ⠗ǎ ͌ ᕧ㡗̜͍ ♧6. $"5ૣ 䢬Ǘന㧋ኼ〛ǘᡤ↷㑮ᕔഭԯ㐫ᖍᑁǍ ᘼ㕕ಾǍ中㕕Ⳛᑓ平台ⅰ᪦ༀኼ〛ǎᢪૣ 䢬᳤ 㔊⍹ᕐ發ൠⅰ㣍 ⾾䢬澳大ᑓઌ̧ 個ಾಾΦゔ␗䢬᳤ 澳㟑܋⻋܋ᜪ㨱㊄ಾ⏲Ǎ ᑓ়̿ ᆾǎᆒм〯 ̜ࠏ ૦Φᜪ₅̿ 䢬̷֯͒ мഭᑓゔ␗ⅰ⇎ᧈǎ Ǘ̿ ḳന〯ǘᡤ↷ኻ̜〯 ḳ⢊⛆大ᐨᎭന೮㇓⛁ࢤᐑእǍ㊄₅Ⳓ⻐೮ ᙭ⳅ᧔ᐑእ ݶ ゆ〓ಾ೮㡡ᩂᐑእ䢬̷֯͒ мⅰ̿ ⚭ᢴ ݶ ಾ⻐成 ᗈǎǗಾ⻐研ǘᡤ↷͍ ♧̒ ⥎⅂ᫎ۠͞ ᐨತ㕕ℼ ݶ ḳНၒಾⅰ ᕍᑓ研成ᗈǎ The process of initiating a research project, producing research results, and commercialising those results is never easy. It requires the unrelenting effort of a group of dedicated researchers. Two decades ago, a group of researchers at UM successfully developed PCT, the world’s first talking Chinese-Portuguese electronic dictionary based on artificial intelligence technology. Over the past 20 years, they have continuously updated and improved the system. Early this year, the team launched UMCAT, the latest Chinese-Portuguese-English machine translation system that can effectively assist professional translators in the translation, proofreading, and management of translation projects. This system thereby enhances translation quality and efficiency and supports Macao’s role as a service platform for business and trade collaboration between China and Portuguese-speaking countries. Apart from the UM-CAT system, other research-related topics that receive in-depth discussion in this issue include advanced materials, nuclear medicine, and Chinese medicine. On the teaching front, UM has launched five new bachelor’s degree programmes, which are designed to nurture innovative, interdisciplinary professionals to support Macao’s development. We interviewed some industry practitioners to hear their thoughts about the new programmes. In the ‘Exclusive Interview’ column, big data expert Prof Weijia Jia, interdisciplinary artist Prof Lampo Leong, and linguist Prof Katherine Chen share their life experiences and academic achievements. The latest research breakthroughs in the prevention of breast cancer, in digital health, and in bioinformatics are also reported in the ‘Academic Research’ column. ⛷⡅ⅲづ EDITOR’S WORDS֨ ḛ 澳㟑大ಾ 1VCMiTIeS 6niWerTiUZ PG .BDBu ✼⛷㎌ Ⴄᾣ &EiUPS in $IieG ,BUrinB $IePng ⻍⛷㎌ ვ⬷ &YeDVUiWe &EiUPS &MMB $IePng إ ώ⛷㎌ ῆ௭Ǎ⮀ᨶ⁶ "TTiTUanU &EiUPST $rBWinB $IPng %BWiT *p ⠻ㄹ 㡡㤒Ǎ၌㣒 5SanTMaUPST 3uCZ $Ien "nUIPnZ SPu ೀ⻒㧣 ࠑ ⍹ᕐ⏲ಾಾ㡕㡕㟊 5imPUIZ SimpTPn ᐑእ ⍹ᕐ⏲ಾಾ㡕中२₢͜ ⍹ᕐ⏲ಾ研中࿖˷ͭܶ Ἥᐑእ ⍹ᕐ⏲ಾಾ㡕Ⳓ⻐〲〘中࿖˷ͭ ᙭ⳅ᧔ᐑእ ̿ ᐵಾ㡕中२ゆ〓ᐵಾ☲;ᐑእ㓨ᓡ᱃ᐑእ "DaEeNiD "EWiTPST 1rPG 5imPUIZ SimpTPn "TTPDiBUe %eBn 'BDuMUZ PG SPDiBM SDienDeT 1rPG 8u .ei %ireDUPr PG UIe SPDiBM SDienDe 3eTeBrDI $enUre Pn $PnUempPrBrZ $IinB 1rPG -BmpP -ePng %ireDUPr PG $enUre GPr "rUT BnE %eTign 1rPG 5Bng ,eng 1Bn 1rPGeTTPr &meriUuT %epU PG $IineTe -BnguBge -iUerBUure ⟞⻒〴〚 ᙭ⳅ᧔Ǎᗄ؛Ǎᜉ㈷Ǎᥦ %eTign -BmpP -ePng -i -in $IBP :Bng 5BP +iBng ঃঋ 中२澳㟑᥈͐ 大ಾ大㪍㊊澳㟑大ಾ/ ⻋᐀ឫ(012 "EESeTT 3PPm (012 "EminiTUrBUiPn #uiMEing 6niWerTiUZ PG .BDBu / "WeniEB EB 6niWerTiEBEe 5BipB .BDBu S"3 PG $IinB ⢌⚊ $PnUaDU 㣊っ 5eM 22 ҵ⇜ 'BY 22 22 㣊㒾 &mBiM prT puCMiDBUiPn!um eEu mP ⽖ḛ הڪ 澳㟑⬷㍽ גڨ ᕔ㡉Պ܅ 1SinUing 5ipPgrBGiB 8eMGBre -UEB .BDBP ४㢄ֵ ⴽ *44/ 20 2 91 ᳤ 澳㟑大ಾᑚֳ ḳ䢬ᣵ֦ ḙ Շᕧ䢬ᑽॺਸമ大ಾॺᐑಾǍ⏲研Ǎᕘ ؿ ⓺㦦৴ ⅰᕍᑓ發ൠ ܗػ ǎ UMagazine iT B CiBnnuBM puCMiDBUiPn PG UIe 6niWerTiUZ PG .BDBu *U BimT UP prPWiEe inGPrmBUiPn Pn UIe MBUeTU EeWeMPpmenU PG UIe 6niWerTiUZ in UeBDIing reTeBrDI BnE TerWiDe Ⴄᾣ Katrina Cheong 2019 ] ✺ⓥ20ᕧ Ǘ澳大新語ǘ
ᴴ㷠ഌ FOCAL STORY 04 澳大成功研發全球首個智能中葡英翻譯平台 UM Develops the World’s First Smart Chinese-Portuguese-English Translation Platform 10 翻譯平台 6. $"5 研發॰㡴̷֯ 研ᢴ␗ UM-CAT Development Team Shares Their Research Experiences പ㧍ኾ〝 TOPIC INSIGHT 16 ԯ㐫ᖍᑁ أ ⿼全球能ᬚ ک Developing Advanced Materials to Help Resolve Global Energy Crisis 22 ̿ 智能ᏼ⨏ᘼ㕕ಾ〹 Applying AI in Nuclear Medicine to Improve Diagnosis and Treatment 28 ᑓઌ̧ 個ಾಾΦゔ␗㨱㊄ಾ⏲̿ ᆾ UM Launches Five New Undergraduate Programmes to Nurture Interdisciplinary Professionals 34 ಾ研♺ཅ⒢中㕕Ⳛᑓ平台 Establishing a New Platform for Chinese Mediciné ḵപ〱 EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW 40 大ᐨᎭന೮㇓⛁ࢤॺ⏲ᇤ˔ⅰኼ♘ The Driving Force Behind Big Data Expert Weijia Jia’s Scientific Inquiry 46 ☃ᑜҵ⚕ ğ ⑨⊴ҵ⚕䢺᙭ⳅ᧔ⅰ㊄₅Ⳓ⻐〲〘ύ Lampo Leong’s Multidisciplinary Approaches to Art and Design 52 ゆ〓ಾ೮㡡ᩂⅰᕔᐅಾ⠗ᧈ Linguist Katherine Chen on Effective Learning ೀ⻒⊝② ACADEMIC RESEARCH 58 ्ᫎ ⑨ㅊ㦞㠴㑤ҵလ̒ ⥎⅂ Preventing Hereditary Breast Cancer via Gene Testing 62 大ᐨᎭ⣌ᓡ˕ⅰᐨತ㕕ℼ⦾ḳНၒಾ Digital Health and Bioinformatics in the Era of Big Data CONTENTS ↹㙼 ໝ ] ✼ⓧ ᕩ Spring/Summer 2019 | Issue 20
ॺ࣮ 翻譯ᇤ⻐Ⴤ㉏成ᶔ ݶ ᓠ۠ ⅰ͌ ૮䢬˗ ܒ ゆ〓̳ ᨢ中ⅰ㢃⍚ ᕔᕤ㐫ˍ⼕⑨⊴ǎ⟜२㠙᧘全球ゆ〓ⅰ♲❌ Globalization and Localization Association GALA ⅰ研ᐨᎭ㧧⍵䢬201 全球翻譯 㭗㑅 0ӹ⟜Ԫ䢬˧㦞〘ᑜ2021㨇 ڌ ⦮ 2ӹ⟜Ԫ䢬Ր中中 २ധέ 9ӹ⟜Ԫǎ㤘ഭ˞₅翻譯˗ᑘ ڌ ᬱ䢬澳㟑大ಾ研 發ⅰ中葡英˓ゆ࣮ 翻譯☲⚕̏ ˗ᑘ㡡֦ ᑓ䢬᳤ ૦ゆ翻譯ॺㇰ⦾ 㕵˔ⅰ㣍ᥐዞϫᕅനᜪⅰᕘ ؿ ǎ 澳大ᆓ؞⊝Ⅼ Ոὺ㩾йᓭ⣵ˮ⮙⩹⠻ㄹໜ܀ UM Develops the World’s First Smart Chinese-Portuguese-English Translation Platform ᐵ ] βѨᜪ ğ ९ ] ήᖢ平 㒲֯ ९Ḙⁱ۩〯⡃ዞϫ Chinese Text | Kelvin U ğ Photo | Jack Ho with some photos provided by the interviewee FOCAL STORY • ᴲ㷞ഊ 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 4 㷊㍽ᐑእⅰ研॰㡴 Professor Wong Fai’s research team |
With the popularisation of increasingly sophisticated machine translation systems, language difference need not be the barrier that it used to be. According to statistics from the Globalization and Localization Association, the market size of the global language services industry reached USD 45 billion in 2018. By the year 2021, this figure is expected to rise to USD 56.2 billion, with the Chinese market claiming USD 5.39 billion. Seeing the growing demand for translation services worldwide, a team of researchers from the University of Macau (UM) has developed a Chinese-Portuguese-English machine translation system to assist translators and enhance the efficiency and quality of their work. ᴲ㷞ഊ • FOCAL STORY 澳大ᑓゆ • 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 5 Meeting the Needs of Translation Companies With advancements in artificial intelligence and computer technology, machine translation has become one of the key areas of research at UM. In this respect, the Natural Language Processing & Portuguese-Chinese Machine Translation Laboratory (NLP2CT) has made tremendous progress over the past two decades, as is reflected in the various innovative translation systems it has developed, most notably UMCAT, the latest online translation system that can effectively assist professional translators in the translation, proofreading, and management of translation projects. In addition to producing smart full-text translation with a high degree of accuracy, UMCAT has various other functions, such as creating industry-specific terminology databases, enabling clear division of labour for large projects, effectively monitoring translation and review progress, and suggesting terms for reference. It is suitable for individuals, government departments and companies that need to handle a large amount of translation projects involving Chinese, English and Portuguese. Launched in December 2018, UM-CAT now has close to 100 registered institutional users, both at home and abroad. Wong Fai, director of the NLP2CT and associate professor in the Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), explains that UM-CAT has two features that help enhance translation efficiency. First, the multiple builtin functions, such as smart translation, translation memory, glossary management, collaborative translation, and AI-based prompting, enable the system to show the ᭸㉚ͳᜬ⠻ㄹ㣏⿀ 㢋⮍̿ 智能 〘ݶ ┰ᇤ⻐ⅰ發 ൠ䢬澳大⦨ᴿゆ〓ⴵύ⦾中葡࣮ 翻譯㬟ೡ䢨/-12$5䢩ۨྲ̜ 㕳大ⅰ研成ᗈ䢬࣮ 翻譯ຂ成᳤ 澳大ⅰ㕳㷞研發㦕↷́ ˍǎՐ 中䢬/-12$5ᕍᑓ研發ⅰǗॺ⛨中葡 英㍴ أ 翻譯平台ǘ䢨6. $"5䢩䢬 能᳤ 中葡英㢱ゆᆖ˓ゆ̥ 譯ዞϫᕅനᜪ ⅰǍᬞ⌒လᕅ㭗ⅰ全ᐵ智能翻譯䢬Ց㭓 ᆼᧈٛ ሱཅ⒢ͱᜪന൰ⅰ⻋ᜪゆ㇒ᑁ ༄䢬᪷ ᓢ₴ύ大় 翻譯㦕↷ⅰ֯ ೌ ኯ䢬ᕔᐅ㐅㋭翻譯ᨢ␗۠ ഔᘼ㐫ༀ䢬۠͞ 智能ㄤׄۜ ⡁ゆ⓺⓺ǎᢪ翻譯平台 㑕個̿ Ǎ᐀㒲㟑۠ ͱᜪⴵύ大㕵 ૦ゆ翻譯㦕↷䢬ዞ ڌ 翻譯ᐅἐǎ6. $"5⦨201 12ᕓ֦ ⦮͌ 䢬ຂᕔ㏧ Ⅼ೮२Յૣ 〺՛ϓǎ Ꭽ/-12$5˷ͭ Ǎ⏲ᇤಾ㡕ᐑእ㷊 ㍽͍ ♧䢬6. $"5〲〘ྷ Շ大ᑚ㤘 ዞ ڌ 翻譯ᐅἐ䢺首ԯ䢬☃ᒛ翻譯Ǎ ࠴ۜ ⡁ǎつ平台˗ӄ㔊ҥᘼ࿖ⅰ 智能翻譯功能䢬ᕅཙՄ翻譯〤ᅎǍ ⻐ゆ┷ύǍ ܒږ 翻譯Ǎ"*㍴ أ ዞ⍵ ⓺૦Ԫ〲⟂ǎǗ6. $"5能ᇮ˗ ܒ 翻譯ᕋ⚭ϓᆖཅㄸⅰǍᕍ♰ኻ ⅰ譯ᐵ᪷ ᓢ㧧⍵䢬͞ ϫۜ ⡁䢬⌒ Й⻋ᐵゆⅰˍ⦯လ ݶ ᬞ⌒လǎǘ Րᡷ䢬 أږ 翻譯॰㡴֯ εǎ6. $"5ኻǗ翻譯/ഔᘼ/ኯḙǘⅰ͍ 㤘 εឹ ཕ䢬㤇ഭ˗ ܒ ⅰ翻譯㦕↷֯ 䢬
FOCAL STORY • ᴲ㷞ഊ 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 6 ᑚϾ┷ύ⽜㢴૦Ԫⅰ翻譯ͭ ؿ 䢬 ܒ ᒿᕔ ᐅ㐅㊼翻譯㐫ༀ۠ ⿍ᕍ♰翻譯♺ᗈ䢬 ዞ㭗॰㡴 ږ εᐅἐǎ۵ૣ 䢬/-12$5㐓 㐿澳大ᑓᜪ中࿖䢬㖁ഭͱᜪ ݶ Պ܅ 㣍⾾䢬 ۽ ᇮ6. $"5個လ٨䢬᳤ 翻譯 ዞϫᐤⅰ⿼ᑚᙋǎ ቍঃ৶သᬠ⌔⠻ㄹ ഭ大⇶⡈〓䢬⛆˔̏ ᕔˍ̬ ࣮ 翻譯䢬 Google Translate ൄ ͞۽ 翻譯˗ ܒ ゆǎΠ㷊㍽ᐑእ⻠⍵䢬⛆˔翻譯☲⚕ ˍ⧛ᒴ㐜㦦৴ᐵᕲⅰ翻譯䢬♠╆˔ᕰ 能ᘽᎭঁ ৴˔ᐵ٨₠ε֦ ᬞ⌒翻譯䢬 Ǘϟ䢬澳㟑ⅰǙ大˓ຄǚ䢬⛆˔☲⚕ൄ ˗ᕐᇮೇ翻譯ྲ 㒄㷃ᬞ⌒ঁ 㑄䢻۞ㄵ Ǚ├ಞǚ䢬ൄ ᕐ譯成Ǚ├ಞǚ㨴Ց ݶ Ǚᕲⅰဓǚ䢬⡈㤔ᆒмᆳ≷㑄 ⅰ⻓ ܓ Ǚ├ಞǚǎǘ͒ ⿼㕱ゐ䢺Ǘ㐛̬ ☲⚕ᆳ翻譯ⅰᒴ大㭓ဓ䢬㟘發⡃ˍ ⧛˗ᕐ㠙᧘個ׄ လⅰᆖঁ ৴လⅰ翻譯ᐅ ᗈǎ⇀ഭ⡈〓䢬6. $"5ᕔྩ ⅰ澳 㟑ᕲॶゆᐵ٨㑶㎊䢬ॺ⻓㑄 ܓ Ǎ㒲㟑 ܓ ತǍᧈྫྷ ゆ〓Ǎຯさ྅⓺ᑚ㤘ⅰ翻 譯Ցᕔ㍦㭗ⅰᬞ⌒ༀǎǘ ۵ૣ 䢬⛆˔翻譯☲⚕˗ᕐЙ₍ ݶ ┷ύ ᆬᣵˍᡷϓྭ ⅰ翻譯≷ㄤ䢬6. $"5ᢩ ତ⼻̜ 㐛㦕功能ǎ㷊㍽ᐑእ ゐ䢺Ǘϟ⮍ε翻譯䢬₢ι˗᭶ˍ個 ࣮ 翻譯♺ᗈ䢬ഭᗬˍゆᆖ۴ಞε֦ ゞᐤ䢬ιᕐຒᕤೇ͞ྭ ቋᵦιⅰСᏼ䢬 ε ܒ ˍ⻠㑅ǎ ۽ Ⴀ䢬⛆˔翻譯☲⚕ᔏᒿ ᦒᕔ㐛功能ǎ⡈6. $"5 ۽כ ഭι 翻譯ᒿⅰ⻋ᐵСᏼ㐫⻋〤ᅎԜಥ䢬ᑚϾ ᑻྭ 㕳⿂ϓ䢬۠͞ ⚋Ր͒ 翻譯ۜ ⡁ǎǘ㷊㍽ᐑእべ᳤ 䢬翻譯⇀₢ 大䢬Ǘ大യͱᜪ㓃ᕔ⦨ກ˗ ܒ ␗ༀⅰ翻 譯㣍ᥐ䢬ྡྷྡྷ 㣍⾾ᕔˍ個㍴ أ 翻譯┷ύ ☲⚕ۙ ᏼ࠴Ǎ؝㐡翻譯ε䢬┷ύ́ נ 翻譯ⅰᐵ᠐䢬⡈6. $"5ൄ ۽ ⿼㐛 ᑚ㤘ⅰ㣍ᥐǎǘ translations that were produced, suggested, or adopted by different translators for the current user’s reference, in order to ensure consistency and accuracy. Second, the user interface that integrates the various steps of a translation project, from translation to proofreading to typesetting, enables flexible division of labour for different projects, facilitates day-to-day management of complex projects, and allows users to effectively monitor translation progress and view the final product, thereby enhancing team efficiency. Moreover, the NLP2CT personalises UM-CAT through UM’s Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship to better meet the needs of companies and provide the complete solution for translators. Tailor-made for the Local Market You may wonder why anyone would need UM-CAT when there are already free online translation platforms such as Google Translate. Prof Wong explains that while Google Translate does a good job of translating generic terms, it falls short when it comes to culture-specific terms. For instance, if you type in the Chinese name of the Ruins of St Paul’s Cathedral in Google Translate, it may not produce a satisfactory translation. Another example is ‘Fai Chi Kei’, a residential area in Macao. In Chinese, ‘Fai Chi’ means ‘chopsticks’, and ‘Kei’ means ‘basics’, so Google Translate is likely to translate this term into ‘chopsticks basics’. It is an inevitable shortcoming with online translation platforms like Google Translate because developers tend to be geographically indiscriminate in the design process. But this is precisely where UM-CAT comes in. It can translate Macao’s street names, government departments, legal terminology, and other terms commonly used in Macao, with a much higher degree of accuracy. UM-CAT has another function that is lacking in online translation platforms like Google Translate—it enables the user to revise an unsatisfactory translation produced by the system and remembers the manually revised version for future reference. Prof Wong believes that UM-CAT has a role to play in the sizeable language service market. ‘Big companies all need translation services to varying degrees, and a system like UM-CAT not only can help improve the speed and quality of translation; it can also assist in the management of old files,’ he says.
ᴲ㷞ഊ • FOCAL STORY 澳大ᑓゆ • 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 7 Will It Ever Replace Human Translators? Whether or not you are a professional translator, it is natural to wonder if this type of technology will ever replace human translators? Prof Wong answers with a resounding ‘No’. He explains that this misconception derives from a lack of understanding of machine translation. ‘The intended function of machine translation is to realise automation of the process,’ he says. ‘In other words, the machine suggests a translation, but it is up to the translator to decide whether to accept or reject the suggestion based on his or her expertise.’ According to Prof Wong, the translation produced by the machine is not always dependable, so a translator plays the essential role of a gatekeeper in order to prevent embarrassing mistakes. For instance, the machine is likely to translate ‘⁶Գ 㐫Ĝ into ‘men’s free entry’, which is the exact opposite of the intended meaning (‘no entry for men’). Also, as Prof Wong stresses, language is always changing, so too must machine translation systems, and for that to happen, we need humans to ‘teach’ the machine. For these reasons, it is unlikely that machine translation will completely replace human translators. Prof Wong says, ‘Over the past five years, the size of the machine translation market has nearly doubled, but on the other hand, the size of the human translation market also maintains an annual growth rate of 10 per cent. When mainland China and Macao reach the same degree of internationalisation as Europe and the United States, the demand for translation services will likely double. With competent human translators, the quality is guaranteed, but humans take longer time and have limitations as to the number of languages they can handle. Machine translation is the exact opposite. It is faster and can handle multilingual projects, but tends to produce inconsistent results. The inexorable progress of globalisation brings both opportunities and challenges for human translation and machine translation. Only by embracing the merits of both options can we achieve win-win results.’ ࣰ ⠻ㄹ˩˙۪́͞ ⠻ㄹ̏ 〴䢬ᕔ̿ ᕐ ࠏ 䢬࣮ 翻譯ⅰ֦ έ䢬ᕐ͝ 翻譯ᜪࡲ䢿㷊㍽ᐑእべ᳤ 䢬㐛ឺ ⅰᎨ࿖ᒴഭ࣮ 翻譯ⅰ˗≋⿼䢬Ǘ㐛㦕 ⏲ᇤⅰ ۆ ᒴㅐ翻譯㑫 ܗ ⦨ ػ ٨䢬 ̿ܗ мዞϫ翻譯ⅰཅㄸ䢬⦮ᑜᒴ ܩ ኻ♃䢬ൄ ⾾ቋι⦨㌨ⅰനᜪε׃ᑘǎǘ͒ ֦ 䢬 ࣮ 翻譯ⅰ♺ᗈᒴ˗能↭Нⅰ䢬࿘㦘ⁱ 翻譯εㇰ㕵˔ⅰᇮ㠙䢬 ྩכܩ ᒠ㕨 成翻譯˔ⅰⓏっ䢬ᣴ̒ 㩓 ߌ ೡⅰˍ כ 㐜݉ൄ ᇮ中ᐵǗ⁶Գ㐫ǘ䢬翻譯成 葡ᐵǗEntrada livre does homensǘ 䢨⁶Գ㇇㐫Մ䢩ǎ۵ૣ 䢬㷊ᐑእ㑮 ゞ䢬̿ 㧙ゆ〓ᒴ˗ᑘ㐫٨ⅰ䢬࣮ 翻譯̏ 㣍⾾˗ᑘⅰᕅᑓ䢬㐛ᑚ㤘ൄ 㣍⾾ᕔ̿ ˗ᑘঁۙ Ǘᐑǘೇ䢬् ᢪ䢬࣮ 翻譯˗ ۽ 能全ۨ̿͜ 翻譯ǎ 㷊㍽ᐑእゐ䢺Ǘ㐿̧ۙ 䢬࣮ 翻譯ⅰ 㕵⦮റ翻̜ Շй䢻⡈̿ 翻譯ⅰ䢬 ᣵ̏ Йቆ⮍10 ⅰઌ㟊㐡ༀǎᗈ Յঁ Ǎ澳㟑ⅰ२㢂٨␗ༀ㑅ᢚ⟜ⅰ 平䢬翻譯㣍ᥐധᕐйઌǎ̿ 翻譯䢬ᕔ ㇰ㕵Йㄕ䢬Πᆳ㣍ᒿ㟠㍦㟊䢬˜㢺͞ ᅞ͔ ૦ゆ〓́ 㟠ⅰ翻譯䢻࣮ 翻譯 ש ତ ⇀ۣ 䢬 ͞۽ ᭶㉘㐛ᑚ㤘ⅰ㣍ᥐ䢬Π翻譯 ㇰ㕵㢺͞ Йㄕǎ㤘ഭ⮍˗ ۽ 㐎㎠ⅰ˞₅ 全球٨㐫␗䢬̿ 翻譯Ǎ࣮ 翻譯䢬এ 㤘ഭ⮍㹩大ⅰቒᆨ ݶ 㐹䢬Շ⡃۸ᕔ⇀̥ۨ 㟊⼻≽䢬ᆾ能㈨ ܗ 㢱㈐ǎǘnj 㷊㍽ᐑእⅰ研॰㡴Ỽ首澳㟑⏲ᇤỠᇤ⻐㐫Ỡ Prof Wong Fai’s team receives the Science and Technology Progress Award at the first Macao Science and Technology Awards
FOCAL STORY • ᴲ㷞ഊ 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 8 澳㟓ࣰ ⠻ㄹⓧˏ́ ̞ ࣮ 翻譯ᇤ䢬⓺ ܒ ᑜ⾾࣮ Ǘ能 ύ⿼Ǎᕐဓ⡁ǘゆ〓䢬ኩዮ̿ 㧙べ≷智 ᄏ䢬ᒴ̿ 智能ᇤ⻐中ᕍ㢺研發ⅰゔ 㧋́ ˍ䢬澳㟑ोᢵ נ ᦒᕔ㐛ᑚ㤘ⅰ研 ǎ1999䢬全球首㒲中葡㣊ಞ㏈Ւむ 䢬͝ 㷊㍽ᐑእ成᳤̜ 澳㟑࣮ 翻譯研 ⅰⓥˍ̿ ǎ₢ᒿ䢬つ㏈Ւˍ֦ 䢬ൄ ᕔ 00૦㟠᐀㒲㟑۠ᤧ 㟠ͱᜪ〺՛ϓ ǎǗोᢵ נ 䢬澳㟑ᕔ大㕵ⅰᑚᐵͪ ᕔྦ 翻譯䢬Π ڱ ᦒᕔͭ ή㍇ͪ Ǎ☲⚕ۙ ㍴ أ 翻譯䢬् ᢪᕔ㣍⾾㟘ൠ⇀㠙㦕↷ⅰ 研發ǎǘ200 䢬ᒿͭ 葡⭉Ḧ✺ύ⩬ ᯿ğᙀሚ࿋〯 ࠏ 澳大䢬ㅖዧ澳大中葡 㢱ゆ翻譯研ⅰ成ᗈ䢬⇀Н研ᕔ أ ػ 中葡ۡ ତεǎ͌ ૮䢬澳大૦㦕࣮ 翻譯研發ຂ大؛ ̜ػ 中葡翻譯ε䢬 ᕔ أ 中葡⚭㇋ᐵ٨ⅰ̳ྡྷ ǎྷ ᴮᕔ䢬 ˍְ 㓃ྲ Ϛ˗ᒠ䢬㷊㍽ᐑእゐ䢺Ǘ↷ נ 䢬澳大ຂཅ㈭ˍ個㊄ಾ⏲ⅰ研平 台䢬ന᧘ᑜ⦨ᴿゆ〓ⴵύǍ࣮ 翻譯Ǎ ࣮ ಾ⠗۠ ᐵᕲᑘ⓺⇀㠙㦦৴研⦾ ☲⚕㟘發ǎǘ The Pioneer of Machine Translation in Macao Developing a machine translation system is in essence a process of teaching the machine to ‘understand’ and ‘contemplate’ language and acquire cognitive intelligence much like humans, which is one of the greatest challenges in the development of artificial intelligence technology. Before Macao’s return to China, research in this area was virtually nonexistent. The gap was filled in 1999 when Prof Wong developed the world’s first Chinese-Portuguese electronic dictionary, making him a pioneer in machine translation research in Macao. Soon after the launch of the e-dictionary, more than 800 government departments and private companies became registered users. ‘Before the handover of Macao’s sovereignty to China, a large number of official documents needed to be translated, but there was no software or system to aid the translation, so the development of the first e-dictionary was driven by a practical need,’ he says. In 2007, during his visit to UM, then Portuguese President José Sócrates praised the university for its achievements in Chinese-Portuguese translation studies, which he believed would promote the friendship and collaboration between China and Portugal. His prediction has come true. The machine translation systems developed by UM over the years have indeed greatly facilitated Sino-Portuguese communication in business and cultural affairs. Prof Wong says, ‘UM has established an interdisciplinary research platform, which is focused on the studies of natural language processing, machine translation, machine learning, and text inference, as well as the development of related systems.’ 澳大 ݶ 中२⏲ಾ㡕⦨ ػ ٨研ᆳ⧀㏅ⅰ⢊研〛ᕐ˔䢬㷊 ㍽ᐑእਸ݉ 6. $"5ⅰᕍᑓ研發成ᗈǎ Prof Wong Fai presents the latest progress of UMCAT at a joint seminar co-organised by UM and the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
ኡ̡ ⛁⌔⇎〯ゥḘᣡ Scan the QR code to watch the video interview ᴲ㷞ഊ • FOCAL STORY 澳大ᑓゆ • 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 9 Tackling the Challenge of Voice Translation 2019 marks the 20th anniversary of Macao’s return to China. The next goal for Prof Wong and his team from the NLP2CT is to tackle the challenge of Chinese-Portuguese voice translation. ‘As a spin-off of machine translation, voice translation is considered to be the most commercially promising area in the next five years,’ he says. Currently, the NLP2CT is working on developing a smart conference translation system that can accurately identify and translate the languages used in a multilingual conference to enhance the efficiency of the conference process. The system is currently being tested and is expected to be launched for the mass market in the near future. Գ語㦈⠻ㄹ㦨৶ⅲ㢼㠛 2019䢬㑕㐤澳㟑ोᢵ20 ݗ 䢬㷊㍽ ᐑእ⦾/-12$5॰㡴ⅰ˕ˍ個↷ឱᒴ ᏽԱ中葡ゆ㦆翻譯㦦৴䢬Ǘε᳤ ࣮ 翻譯ⅰ⻌研發䢬ゆ㦆翻譯̏ ⼕べ᳤ ᒴᕰϚ̧ ՅᕍՑ ࠇ ᜪᯂ؛ⅰǎǘ↷ נ 䢬/-12$5ᢩ ⑆ᜲ 研發Ǘᕐㄸ智能翻 譯☲⚕ǘ䢬㦞〘 ۽ ѵ☃ᬞㄤׄ۠ 翻 譯䢬᭶㉘૦ᓡ ܒ ҵ̳̥ 㭓㬟ǎ㷊㍽ᐑ እ㐓㣷䢬⇀㠙☲⚕↷ ͎נ ॺᫎず㡷ᣡ䢬 㦞〘˗˽ⅰധϚ ۽ ϫ大⇶ϓǎ
⠻ㄹໜ܀UM $"5⊝Ⅼॲ㡶ֱ̹ ⊝ᢶ␙ UM-CAT Development Team Shares Their Research Experiences ᐵ ] βѨᜪǍᘪ५〤⡃㚓そ㣂 ğ ९ ] ήᖢ平 㒲֯ ९Ḙⁱ۩〯⡃ዞϫ Chinese Text | Kelvin U & UM Reporter Lyra Qian ğ Photo | Jack Ho with some photos provided by the interviewee Ǘॺ⛨中葡英㍴ أ 翻譯平台ǘ䢨6. $"5䢩20Ϛ能˗ᑘⅰ研發 ݶ 㡡֦ ᑓ䢬㏤翻譯ⅰ㣍ᥐ䢬⣌ྭ ᕔㇹˍὥέ ݶ ᢴۜ ⦾研發ⅰ॰ 㡴⛛ε ݶ ᑻ͞ ❰૧ⅰ ۙ؛ؤ ࠴ ڌݶ ♐☲⚕ǎ Over the past two decades, a team of researchers have worked tirelessly to continuously update and improve UM-CAT in order to meet the needs of the translation industry. 6. $"5 reTeBrDI UeBm ] 6. $"5☲⚕研॰㡴 FOCAL STORY • ᴲ㷞ഊ 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 10
6. $"5 5rBnTMBUiPn SZTUem ] 6. $"5 翻譯☲⚕₅㤘 ᴲ㷞ഊ • FOCAL STORY 澳大ᑓゆ • 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 11 ᆮ᳦ Ա ⦨ᴿゆ〓ⴵύ⦾中葡࣮ 翻譯㬟ೡ 䢨/-12$5䢩研 أ ύᢚ㢟䢬᳤ 研 發6. $"5ⅰ㬴ໟ成́ ˍǎ͒ۜ ⦾〲〘ⅰǗ⎖⚭࣮ 翻譯☲⚕ǘ䢬ॺ 201 全२࣮ 翻譯大㈁䢨$8.5 201 䢩Ǘ英中࣮ 翻譯くᫎǘ中⑨ ४⡈֦ 䢬⦾㡴ۡ ˍ㈭ٛ Ᏸ大㈁ⅰթǍ̭ Ǎಬ㌹䢻⡈つỼỠⅰ☲⚕䢬ൄ ᒴଊ ᑜέᒿ6. $"5࣮ 翻譯ⅰᘼ࿖ᇤ ⻐́ ˍǎ↷ נ 䢬ᢚ㢟Ꭸ₢6. $"5 ⅰǗ大┷೮ǘ䢬ㆯㆺ6. $"5☲⚕ᗖ 〲 ݶ ┷ύⅰε䢬 ܒ ᒿ̏ Ք㧡᳤ ᆬ ዞϫ⨏ତⅰϓ㭓㬟ǎ ᢚ㢟ॺ澳大成〘┰⏲ಾಾ ݶ ⌄ಾΦྭ ګ ؝Մ㬟ೡ₢研 أ ύ䢬ധ㏧Չ䢬͒ ゐ䢺Ǘ⚭㐿૦ ⅰ ؛ؤ 䢬ᕍ㭗⦿ᒴ⿇6. $"5㦕↷ 能૩֦ ǎ6. $"5⮍㕳中葡 翻譯ⅰަ ㇰ䢬ാՐ㖁ഭ澳㟑۠ 葡ゆ☲ २೮ᄋゆ䢬㐅ᥐ㭗ᬞ⌒ༀ䢬˜ᑚϾ ᆬϓ䢬ᐃՑঁ چ လⅰӯѠǎ ⦮ ᳤͞۽ 翻譯Պ܅〲⒢ന൰ⅰ┷ύឹ ཕ䢬؝㐡Րεᨢ␗ ݶ ࠴翻譯ㇰ 㕵䢬㐛̬ ᕘ ؿ ഭՐ͒ Պ܅⡈〓 כ ㍦㢺 ѵǎǘ Putting the Users First Ao Chi Hong, a research assistant in the NLP2CT, is one of the core members of the team behind UM-CAT. The neural-based machine translation system, in which he was involved, won the top three awards at the 13th China Workshop on Machine Translation. The award-winning system is one of the core technologies used in developing UM-CAT. Currently, Ao is responsible for system setup and management of UM-CAT as well as ensuring good user experience. Ao joined the NLP2CT as a research assistant after completing his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in computer sciences at UM. He has been working in the lab for nearly eight years. He says, ‘After working on the system for so many years, I am most happy to see its launch into the market. We put great emphasis on the quality of Chinese-Portuguese translation and aim for a high degree of accuracy, especially with terms commonly used in Macao and Portuguese-speaking countries. We also make sure that it is easy to use. So it is a valuable product for our target markets. It can even create a tailormade management mode for a translation company to streamline the work flow and improve the quality of translation. These functions are lacking in many other translation platforms currently available on the market.’
FOCAL STORY • ᴲ㷞ഊ 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 12 ࠶UM $"5ೀ⠙⣵؝ ۵ˍۜ ⦾研發6. $"5ⅰ⏲ᇤಾ㡕 〘┰⏲ಾ ژ 研،ಾ ژ ↷ נ ˷ ⾾ㆯㆺԖ٨6. $"5ⅰ࣮ ಾ⠗ᮉ┰ ᧈ䢬㐫ˍዞ ڌ έᕔ࣮ 翻譯☲⚕ⅰ 翻譯ަ ㇰ䢬㐛̏ ᒴ͒ ژ グᐵⅰ研 ᑚ ܗ ǎǗ↷ נ 䢬࣮ 翻譯˷⾾ᕔՇ個 㬦䢺ύ⿼ ݶ 成䢬 ګ ύ⿼ྦ 翻譯ⅰ ゆ۴䢬ᴿྭ 成譯ᐵ䢻⡈ᆒՑ㭓ⅰ研 䢬ൄ ᒴή࠴࣮ 翻譯☲⚕ύ⿼ 譯ᕲⅰ能؛ǎǘ͒ ⿼㕱㑄 Ǘ۸ᕔዞϫ ᬞ⌒ༀ㭗ǍՑۜ ⡁ӯѠⅰ翻譯ަ ㇰ䢬 ᆾ能⇜ᢩ ㍴ أ 翻譯̿ ε䢬㐛ឺ͒ мᆾᕐឝϓǎǘ ،ಾ ژ ⻠⍵䢬6. $"5⦾˞₅˔♿ 大૦ᐨⅰ࣮ 翻譯☲⚕ˍឺ 䢬㓃ᦳ 201 ⁱ؝ቄ大⯂ḿḑ大ಾዞ֦ ⅰ ˍ個ᙉᗖ䢻ᴿ⡈ॺ201 䢬(PPgMe Պ܅֦ ᑓⅰᙉᗖ䢬⡈˜ᐅᗈ⨏ତ䢬 㧧⮍ዞ ̜ڌ 譯ᐵⅰަ ㇰ䢬् ᢪ6. $"5̏ 㣍⾾⦾ᒿФ㐫ǎǗॺԖ٨ᮉ┰ ᧈⅰ㦦৴˔䢬۸ᕔ˗ᑘᕍᑓⅰᙉ ᗖ ݶ ᑚᧈ䢬ᆾ能⌒Й࣮ 翻譯ⅰ譯ᐵ ㇰ㕵ྲ͞ ዞ ڌ 䢬ⓟ翻譯̿ ഭᬞ⌒ ༀ⦾ᨢᔊༀⅰ⾾ᥐǎǘ ܒ 䢬㷊㍽ᐑ እἐ㦦/-12$5研॰㡴䢬㈫᪷ ⬷大 ಾε⏲研̳ ᨢǎ،ಾ ᳤ژ Ր中ˍ䢬͒ ⦾᪷ ⬷研ˍ㈭֯ ᖾ(PPgMeᕍᑓ Improving UM-CAT’s Machine Learning Algorithms Liu Xuebo, a PhD student of computer sciences in FST, is also involved in the development of UM-CAT. He is mainly responsible for improving the translation quality of UM-CAT by improving its machine learning algorithms, which is also the subject of his PhD research. He explains, ‘Machine translation includes two steps: understanding the source text and generating a translation. My work is to study how to improve the machine’s ability to understand the text. Only by ensuring a high degree of accuracy will the system become a truly useful tool for the translators. And only then will they be happy to use it.’ According to Dr Liu, like the majority of machine translation systems in the world, UM-CAT is based on the architecture developed by the University of Montreal in 2015. However, in 2017, Google launched a new architecture, which greatly improved the quality of translation. So UM-CAT must be updated to keep pace with the changing technology. Liu says, ‘In terms of improving the algorithms, only by using the latest architecture and method can we ensure that the quality of the translation meets translators’ requirements for accuracy and readability.’ In the same year, the team from the NLP2CT, led by Prof Wong, visited Tsinghua University. As a member of the team, Liu studied the latest architecture developed by Google ،ಾ ژ ㈫᪷ ⬷大ಾε⏲研̳ ᨢ ᢚ㢟⦾㷊㍽ᐑእྕ Liu Xuebo works with researchers at Tsinghua University Ao Chi Hong with Prof Wong Fai
ᴲ㷞ഊ • FOCAL STORY 澳大ᑓゆ • 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 13 with researchers from Tsinghua. ‘The biggest gain for me was that we thoroughly studied and mastered the architecture,’ he says. In November 2018, the team returned to Macao and began to gradually integrate the latest technologies in UM-CAT to improve the system’s ability for deep learning. Dr Liu explains: ‘In the past, training machine translation systems relied heavily on parallel corpora. We are talking about millions of Chinese texts and corresponding Portuguese translations. But now, we constantly update the parameters of each neuron in the neural network. In other words, each time we develop a better neural network, the quality of the translation will greatly improve as a consequence, either by reducing the occurrence of overlooked words, or by improving the readability of the translation.’ The team in the NLP2CT and their counterparts from Tsinghua University have submitted two jointly authored papers to international journals. A patent is also pending for approval. ⅰᙉᗖ䢬Ǘᕍ大ⅰᏹൄ ᒴᇮ㐛個ᙉ ᗖ⚋研㐓̜ ǎǘ 201 11ᕓ䢬研॰㡴ो澳㟑䢬˧ 㟘ୣ ⮍ᆼᇮᕍᑓⅰᇤ⻐㐔ଊ6. $"5☲⚕˔䢬͞ ࠴Ր࣮ ᪦ༀಾ⠗ ⅰ能؛ǎ،ಾ ژ ゐ䢺Ǘ͞ נ 䢬࣮ 翻 譯☲⚕ⅰ〠⛿䢬ϭㇹᑜ大⿈ឹ ⅰ平⻋ ゆᑁ༄䢬 ګ ᒴⅬ⭤۴中ᐵ譯ᕲ䢬⦾ Ր⇀ഭᅞⅰ葡ᐵ譯ᐵ䢬έॺᒴ˗ᑘᕅ ᑓ⎖⚭⛆㊊中ᣵˍ⎖⚭Ԫⅰۜ ᐨǎየ 〓́ 䢬۸⾾〲〘֦ ᕅତⅰ⎖⚭⛆㊊䢬 㒄㷃翻譯ㇰ㕵̏ ᕐ⇀ᅞঁ 㧧⮍ዞ㭗䢬 ۽ ᪾റᮆತⅰႌᦵ䢬ᆖ譯ᐵゆ۴ㅊྲ ᕅ؝ᨢᔊǎǘ↷ נ 䢬澳大/-12$5॰ 㡴ᕔՇ╊⦾᪷ ⬷⮍ⅰಾ⻐グᐵᢩ ܗ २㢂ಾ⻐ᕧֳ ᇷ中䢬㑮ᕔˍ㦕നᢩྦ ഔᇝ中ǎ /-12$5ಢ⢺⇶૦࣮ 翻譯̿ ᆾ The NLP2CT has nurtured many machine translation researchers over the years
FOCAL STORY • ᴲ㷞ഊ 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 14 ⠻ㄹࣰ ⅲຍᯄ؝ 澳大/-12$5研॰㡴ॺ201 12ᕓ ֦ 6. $"5䢬έॺຂ⚭⮍؛᳤ ᑓˍ͜ 䢨ⓥॉ͜ 䢩6. $"5εᬞҥǎᢴۜ͜ ⦾つ☲⚕研發ⅰᘪۡ 䢬͌ ॺ˗ ܒ 㦦৴⛎₠ྎ ǎ͒ мᑹ ػ 澳㟑ᐤ㭓 發ൠ䢬̵ ᇷ㌨大Ტ چ 䢬ۜ ⦾Յঁ 㦦ԯ 全球ⅰͱᜪ䢬㠼㕲ຄຄǍⅬༀǍ㫼 〙䢬ᕔⅰ ⦮ᜪ₢$&0ǎ㐛ὥᘪۡ ⿇ㄕ☲⚕ⅰঁ ϓ䢬࿖ი⦿ଗǎ 2012㣊⤾۠ ㇒〙⏲ಾ☲⌄ₔᜪ ⅰ⁰̺ 䢬ₔᜪྭ ॺ/-12$5₢̜ ˍ ⅰ研 أ ύ䢬ۜ ⦾˗ ܒ ⅰ࣮ 翻譯研 發ǎǗॺ/-12$5॰㡴⼿䢬ᆒಾ⠗̿ 智能ᅞⅰ大ᯂ؛ǎǘ201 ͒ 㢹㟘㬟ೡ⒢ˍᆳॺՅঁ 〺՛ⅰ ⏲ᇤՊ܅䢬˷ᏽ̿ 智能ゆ㦆۠ ९Ӎ ᇤ⻐ǎ6. $"5ε᳤ Ǘ澳㟑⽔ 㐢ǘަ 䢬͒ べ᳤ 6. $"5Ցᕔᕲॶ ḿ⨑ ݶ Ԗ ن 䢬ᕅ㕳⾾ᒴᕘ ؿ 葡ゆ☲२ ೮ⅰ᷊ ࠇ 平台䢬Ԗԯ⿼葡⭉ḦゆǍ 英ゆǍ◼ゆǍᓠ㐜っ⓺翻譯㣍⾾ǎǘ ⇎澳㟑ᕰϚ翻譯ⅰ㣍ᥐ䢬⁰̺ ㏧ᇮᜪ ؿ ♙ᘽ澳㟑䢬Ǘέᒿᢩ Ѡ࣮ 翻譯㏝㐡發ൠⅰᒿ͜ 䢬ᆒຒᕤᇮ࣮ 翻譯ⅰ⇀㠙ᇤ⻐ ݶ ަۣ ߌ 澳㟑۠ 葡ゆ२೮ǎ۵ૣ 䢬澳大ᒴᆒⅰᣴ ᘪ䢬ຒᕤ㐓㐿㭗ᘪ ݶ ͱᜪε䢬Ђ㐫 6. $"5ॺՅঁ ֦ ǎǘ́ ᇀ㎇֨ ۵ˍΦ2012㣊ಞ ࠇ ㇋⏲ಾ⌄ₔ ᜪᕋᔧᖣ䢬ॺಾᕧ㟠̏ ㊄ಾ☲⑆ᜲۜ ⦾/-12$5㦕↷研發ⅰε䢬 ಾ⠗̿ 智能ᇤ⻐ǎ201 ᕋᔧᖣ ㌍㌨ⁱǕ㷂⇆ύ⏲ᇤくグǖ䢨MIT Technology Review䢩㑢֦ ⅰǗ中 २ ᢱ͞ ˕⏲ᇤᑓ㤋 ̿ ǘ 全球ᕍᡨஔⅰ㤋⏲ᇤᑓ̿ ᆾᝌ 中䢬Google ⢊ୣ̿ Larry Page ݶ Sergey BrinǍFacebook ୣ̿ Mark Zuckerberg ̵ᕋᝌ˔ᕔ ܓ ǎ͒ ゐ䢺Ǘ⿇⦨ກᕋ⚭ۜ ⦾研發ⅰ㦕↷ The Market Potential of Machine Translation Systems The current version of UM-CAT was launched in December 2018, and the team is already working to develop a new generation of the system (G4). UM alumni who have been involved in the development of the system are shining in different professions, some in tech giants like Alibaba, Baidu, and Tencent, while others CEOs of their own businesses, contributing to the development of Macao and the Greater Bay Area. These alumni all feel excited to see the fruit of their labour being finally put to use. UM alumnus Tian Liang worked in the NLP2CT as a research assistant for one year after graduating from the master’s degree programme in computer sciences in 2012. He was involved in the development of various machine translation systems. In the process, he learned the huge potential in the application of artificial intelligence. In 2013, he left the lab and registered a science and technology company in the mainland that is focused on developing AI voice and image technologies. He thinks that as a product made in Macao, UM-CAT has local characteristics and advantages. More importantly, it gives priority to the growing demand in Portuguese-speaking countries for translation services in Portuguese, English, Cantonese, and Mandarin. In recent years, Tian started to concentrate on the Macao market. ‘This is a time when machine translation technology is developing rapidly, I hope to launch the related technologies and products in Macao and Portuguese-speaking countries. Also, UM is my alma mater, I hope to launch UM-CAT on the mainland market through collaboration with the university and companies.’ A Breeding Ground for Tech Talent UM alumnus Zeng Xiaodong, who graduated from the master’s degree programme in e-commerce technology in 2012, was involved in some interdisciplinary projects in the NLP2CT while still studying at UM. In 2018, Zeng entered the 35 Innovators Under 35 China list released by MIT Technology Review. Former honorees on this list include Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey
ᴲ㷞ഊ • FOCAL STORY 澳大ᑓゆ • 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 15 ࿁᮪㐫ঁ 䢬࿖ႌ㤔ຯ㢛㌏䢬6. $"5 ۽ ϓゆ〓˗՜ᒴᬥ㐜ⅰ㢃⍚ǎǘ ᕋᔧᖣྉ͒ ॺ/-12$5ಾⅰᑓ ᇤ⻐Ǎ葡२₢̳ የⅰಾ⠗䢬᳤͒ ₔᜪྭ ᜪᇃ˕࿖㖁䢬͒͝ ᒛⅫ Ǘ⾾べ⇜⇎ྦ Ǎപ㕳⦨ກⅰ⦿㉋㷞䢬 ˧؝͞ 發ൠǘǎ↷ נ 䢬ᕋᔧᖣॺǗ⸵ ⺄㕷ᕘǘᇤ⻐㬟ೡ䢬ന᧘ᑜḳ⢊ ⛆⦾ᑓ㣅߲ ㊄㦦৴♺ⅰᑓᇤ⻐ኼ ♘ǎ͒ 㐢̜ 中२首೮ᴮ̿ Ǘ ࠛހ ǘ䢬έǗ ګ ㈨ ͔ګ ǘᑓ㈀ḳᏳ͔ 㭓 㬟ⅰ㠙㛛ᇤ⻐䢬㟘 ̜ࠚ Յঁ ᴮ̿ Ѡೋ ⅰ㣅߲ 大㟑䢬成᳤ ⼕㷂⇆ύ⇎ତⅰ ⏲ᇤᑓ㤋發ᒛ೮ǎ͒ იᰚ澳大⏲ ᇤಾ㡕ᐑእ㷊㍽ أݶ ύᐑእ ݗ ᦂⅰ ≷ㄤҵእ䢬Ǘ澳大ಾ⠗ⅰ㟘䢬 ᕔᕐ」˗ ܒ २೮ چ ঁݶ ⅰ̿ 䢬㐛ឺ ⅰ㟘ⅰ能૩໓ أ 㞋㐢⚱⡈ 㟘ⅰဓ⛁䢬⡈˜ᣵˍΦಾ ۽ Ỽྲ ⅰᐑಾ㇒ᬚ ۽ ゐᒴ全२ᐨˍᐨ̡ ⅰǎǘ Brin, and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. Zeng says, ‘I’m very excited to see the project in which I was involved finally being put into use. UM-CAT removes language barriers in communication.’ Zeng notes that the innovative technologies he acquired in the NLP2CT and his experience as an exchange student in Portugal provided a powerful boost to his self-confidence when he later decided to start his own business after graduation. He learned from these experiences how important it is to honour one’s passion and pursue a career following that passion. Currently, Zeng is working in Ant Financial’s technology laboratory, where he devotes himself to exploring new technologies based on the Internet of Things that can transform the retail industry. He founded Tao Cafe, the first cashier-less shop in China, which enables customers to leave the shop with their items in hand without needing to head to a register, landing him on the MIT Technology Review’s list. Zeng is grateful to Prof Wong Fai and Dr Chao Sam from FST for their guidance. ‘Studying at UM gave me the opportunity to meet people from different countries and regions. Such an open environment helps cultivate an open mind. In terms of educational resources accessible to every student, UM is arguably one of the best in China,’ he says. ⁰̺ 希望促進UM-CAT在內地市場推出 ᕋᔧᖣ成為被麻省理工看好的科技創新青年發明家 Tian Liang hopes to launch UM-CAT on the mainland market through collaboration Zeng Xiaodong was included in 35 Innovators Under 35 China list by MIT Technology Review
ᐵ ] βѨᜪǍᘪ५〤⡃㚓そ㣂 ğ ९ ] ᖋ ܗ 㡩 Chinese Text | Kelvin U & UM Reporter Lyra Qian ğ Photo | Lei Heong Ieong TOPIC INSIGHT • ന㧋ኼ〛 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 16 㢋⮍全球能ᬚ ک ݶ ᥨᗯᑻ↞म㕳䢬⚵⨑ᑓ能ᬚⅰ㟘發 ו ˗⛶ǎ201 䢬 澳㟑大ಾཅ̜ Ǘᅞḳύ۠ ᖍᑁ␗研ᆳǘ䢨*nTUiUuUe PG "ppMieE 1IZTiDT BnE .BUeriBMT &ngineering䢬*"1.&䢩䢬᳤ 澳㟑↷ ߳נ ˍന㟑ኼ♘ᑓ能ᬚǍ 㣊㣊㎠የ⓺ᅞḳύಾ⇀㠙ⅰᖍᑁ ݶ ᇤ⻐ⅰ研ᆳ䢬 أږ ⿼全球能ᬚ ک ǎ With a growing global energy crisis and the proliferation of environmental pollution, it is increasingly urgent to develop new forms of green energy. In 2014, the University of Macau (UM) established the Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME), which is the only institute in Macao dedicated to exploring new forms of energy, electro-optical conversion, and advanced materials and technologies, with the aim of helping to resolve the global energy crisis. Ա㐭ᖏᑃ إ ⿾Ոὺ⣵ᬜ ګ Developing Advanced Materials to Help Resolve Global Energy Crisis
ന㧋ኼ〛 • TOPIC INSIGHT 澳大ᑓゆ • 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 17 A Young Research Team Since its establishment, the IAPME has garnered a group of young, innovative researchers from world-renowned universities and research institutions in the United States, Europe, Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Among them, Chair Professor Tang Zikang, director of the IAPME, is an internationally renowned leader in the field of nano-optoelectronic materials. Under his leadership, IAPME has rapidly progressed in research capacity and innovative power in just a few years, as evidenced by the research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Macao Science and Technology Development Fund, and the UM Research Fund. With more than 70 ongoing research projects and over 300 papers published in SCI-indexed journals, the institute’s international academic influence is growing steadily. Developing New Forms of Energy & New Materials According to Prof Tang, physics and chemistry are the foundation of what IAPME researchers do and materials are the vehicle for fulfilling their mission—developing new materials, new techniques, and new functions through materials simulation and design. With an application-oriented approach, the institute strives to develop innovative academic programmes in applied physics and materials engineering with local characteristics in order to nurture professionals who can develop new technologies needed by Macao and the Greater Bay Area. Currently, IAPME researchers focus on developing key materials and technologies for applications in the fields of solar energy, electrical energy storage (batteries, hydrogen storage, fuel cells) and energy conservation (high-efficiency optoelectronics and solid state lighting devices). Prof Tang says: ‘Materials engineering is a broad concept. We can’t cover everything. Our current focus is on developing new forms of energy and new materials such as optoelectronic and electro-optic materials, as well as new technologies. We hope to develop new forms of efficient, clean energy using nanotechnology and explore the applications of optoelectronic and electro-optic technologies. These research studies will hopefully bring about a change in the existing academic programmes in new energy and promote the development of related ໝ㍷⏴⊝ॲ㡶 ⦨成⒢͞ Ϛ䢬*"1.& ٸ ⡾̜ ˍᏳᑓ ㄤᳮⅰ㍵☃英⏲研॰㡴䢬͒ мϚ⦨ ⟜२ǍᢚᨓǍᑻᕲǍᑓ؝ঞǍ㩿⓺˞ ₅≷ ܓ 大ಾ ݶ 研䢬Ցㅳⅰ⏲研 ⚭ᢴǍ᪦ ۂ ⅰḳύ ݶ ᖍᑁനᜪ⣌ᓡ䢬۠͞ ༴㠌ⅰ२㢂٨⿍㕴ǎՐ中䢬*"1.& ᆳᆳ㟊ᬉಞ༏ロ༁ᐑእ䢬ᕅᒴ२㢂≷ ܓ ⅰ♃◍㣊ಞᖍᑁ㦦৴㦦㌹̿ ḳǎॺᬉ ᐑእⅰອ㦦˕䢬*"1.&ⅰ研؛Ǎ ᑓ؛ॺ≽≽ᐨՅ㏝㐡ઌ㟊䢬Ỽ२೮⦨ ᴿ⏲ಾ㕷㕳大㢡成㦕↷Ǎ澳㟑⏲ಾᇤ ⻐發ൠ㕷Ǎ澳大⏲研㕷⓺㇒ أ 䢻㟘 ൠ 0૦個研㦕↷䢬發⻠S$* グᐵ 00 ૦╊䢬२㢂ಾ⻐ྕ 㦏؛ᢩ ዞ ڌ ǎ 新⣵ᬜᖏᑃ⊝Ⅼ ᬉಞ༏ᐑእ⻠⍵䢬*"1.&͞ ḳύ ݶ ٨ ಾ᳤ ⍓䢬͞ ᖍᑁ᳤ ㍫㭓䢬ྷ ᖍᑁឹ Ꮌ 〲〘֦ 發䢬ኼ♘ᑓᖍᑁǍᑓⳒǍᑓ功 能ǎ͞ ␗ᅞ᳤ മ ܗ 䢬㖁ഭ澳㟑۠ 大 Ტ چ 發ൠᆳ㣍ⅰ⏲ಾᇤ⻐䢬發ൠՑ澳㟑 ḿ⨑ⅰᑓ় ᅞḳύ۠ ᖍᑁ␗ಾ⏲ǎ ↷ נ 䢬*"1.&ⅰ研㕳࿖ॺ૯㡩能Ǎ 㣊能Ԝಥ䢨㣊ᥧǍಥԜǍᶳᑁ㣊ᥧ䢩۠ ╆能䢨㭗ᐅ㣊ಞ۠͞ ड़㭓ᵦᒛ࣮ͪ 䢩⓺㦦৴ⅰ㠙㛛ᖍᑁ⽔ҥ ݶ ᇤ⻐㟘 發ǎ ᬉಞ༏ᐑእゐ䢺Ǘᖍᑁᒴ個༴ⅰ 䢬˗ ۽ 能 㷃㓃ѵ䢬⡈*"1.&᧘㕳ᑓ 能ᬚᖍᑁ۠͞ 㣊㣊ᖍᑁⅰ㟘發 ݶ ⏲ ᇤᑓǎ♺♃◍⏲ᇤ䢬研發֦ 㭗ᐅⅰ᪷ ᮼ能ᬚ۠͞ 㣊㣊ᇤ⻐ᅞǎ㐛̬ 研ധ ػ 澳㟑ᑓ能ᬚಾ⏲۠ ⇀㠙ᜪ ⅰ㤛ᑓ⦾發ൠ䢬ᕔᕤϓ́ 成᳤ 澳㟑ᕰϚ ⅰᑓ⏲ᇤᏳᘉᜪ́ ˍǎǘ ९䢺 ᬉಞ༏ᐑእ 中 ཙ㦦*"1.&ⅰ研發ۨྲ ૦㦕⑨⊴ Left Image: The IAPME, led by Prof Tang Zikang has achieved many breakthroughs
TOPIC INSIGHT • ന㧋ኼ〛 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 18 㖺㖽⍥૱㡫⣵㣌ᥩ ⚵⨑᪷ ᮼ能ᬚⅰ研ᒴ*"1.&ⅰ˷മᑚ ́ܗ ˍ䢬Ր中䢬㖸㖻⍣૯㡩能㣊ᥧⅰ研 發ҥ۩२㢂≯↷ǎ ᬉಞ༏ᐑእ͍ ♧䢬↷ נ ˔ⅰ૯㡩能 㣊ᥧ˷⾾͞ ૦ᓧ⊋᳤ ۆ ᖍᑁ䢬ዞᵋ㐿␗ ᕐ㐢成㭗ᥨᗯ ݶ 㭗⡒能䢬˜ᇤ⻐ᒏ㇀ǎ ⇀ۣ 䢬↷ "* נ 1.& ˷ᏽⅰ㖸㖻⍣૯㡩 能࣮ͪ 䢬能Χᬱ גڨ ⅰᑚཕ大㤘⑆⽔ ҥ䢬成ᕲΧ༛ǎ˷ㆺ㖸㖻⍣૯㡩能㣊ᥧ 研發ⅰ *"1.& أ ύᐑእ㒃㇀⻠⍵䢬 㖸㖻⍣ᖍᑁလ能Ԗ₠䢬 ܒ ᒿՑҥ̜ ᴮ ڏ മ㭓ⅰ㣊ಞḿလ ݶ ᕔᖍᑁⅰᬺᩬ ۽ ؝လ能䢬能㭗ᐅঁ ᇮ૯㡩能㕵㎠ የ成㣊能䢬Րᕍᑓਸ㑄ⅰ㣊㎠የᐅἐ 㭗㑅2 䢬㏧ ࡘ ᓧ⊋ⅰ2 1 䢬㑎 㭗ᑜᗯᑁᐉ٨૯㡩能㣊ᥧⅰ11 9 ݶ ᕔ ૯㡩能㣊ᥧⅰ12 ǎ۵ૣ 䢬㒃ᐑእゐ䢺 Ǘ㖸㖻⍣ᖍᑁᗰ㍇㍵Ͼ䢬能ࣺ 㣭ᇃ ڨ ᇤ⻐䢬 ڨ ॺ⣌ٛ ᆖ⻜ᕘ˔㐫⻋૯㡩能Ԝ 㣊䢬能大大ዞ㭗ᐅ能ǎ⇀НॺᕰϚཅ〲 智ᄏ৪˔䢬ധᕔᕅ૦Ԫ٨ⅰᅞǎǘ industries in Macao. New energy has the potential to become a new pillar industry in Macao.’ Perovskite Solar Cells Developing new forms of green energy is one of the main research interests of the IAPME. In fact, the perovskite solar cells developed by the institute have already attracted considerable international attention. Prof Tang explains that the solar cells currently available on the market are mostly made of polysilicon, whose manufacturing process is expensive, consumes much energy, and produces many pollutants. On the other hand, the perovskite solar cells which are developed by the institute can be mass-produced through low-temperature printing at a low cost. Xing Guichuan, an assistant professor in the IAPME, who is mainly in charge of the development of perovskite solar cells, says that perovskite solar cells have not only demonstrated excellent performance, but also have the optoelectronic properties of inorganic semiconductors and can be processed in solutions like organic materials. They can effectively convert solar energy into electrical power. According to the latest report, they can achieve a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 23.7%, comparable to that of single crystal silicon (26.1%) and far higher than that of dye-sensitised solar cells (11.9%) and organic solar cells (12.6%). Moreover, according to Prof Xing, perovskite materials are soft and light, so they can be printed on backpacks or clothes to store solar energy through spray painting technology, which can greatly improve efficiency. He believes that in the future perovskite materials will have more applications in the development of smart cities. Next-generation LED Technology In addition to perovskite solar cells, Prof Xing is also in charge of the development of perovskite nanocrystalline light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are hailed as ‘the next-generation LED technology’. They are expected to bring low-cost, environmentally-friendly and highly-efficient LED displays and light sources into everyday life. Indium, a raw material used to make gallium nitride LEDs, is a scarce metal with very small global reserves. Some ڏ മ㭓⥩㭓㕵ಞ㷞 Semiconductor colloidal quantum dots
ന㧋ኼ〛 • TOPIC INSIGHT 澳大ᑓゆ • 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 19 even argue that the earth might run out of indium in a few decades. This is why scientists are already exploring alternative materials to replace indium. Prof Xing is one such pioneer. If successful, his work will substantially improve the luminous efficiency of perovskite LEDs. ‘About 20 per cent of electrical power in the world is used for lighting, so it is very important to develop efficient lighting technology to conserve energy,’ he says. ‘The process of making perovskite solution is simple, less expensive, and highly consistent. Because of the high photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite, which is over 20 per cent, close to the peak photoelectric conversion efficiency of other expensive semiconductors, it has become a subject of widespread study worldwide. I believe that the popularisation and commercialisation of this technology in the near future will help us achieve the goal of energy conservation.’ Breaking Multiple World Records Another proud brainchild of IAPME researchers is an innovative super hydrogel. This super hydrogel significantly outperforms regular hydrogel in water absorption, swelling ratio, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties, and can be used in many fields to meet different needs. IAPME assistant professor ˗ˏ͞ -&%ᇦ⻒ 㡗̜ ˷؛㟘發㖸㖻⍣૯㡩能㣊ᥧૣ 䢬㒃 ᐑእ̏ Ք㧡研發㖸㖻⍣♃◍ᓧ發̡ᜲ ┷䢬つ㦕↷⼕ㄿ᳤ Ǘ˕ˍ͜ -&%ᇤ⻐ǘ䢬 ᕔᕤᇮΧ成ᕲǍЙ㭗ᐅⅰ-&%㧧⍵൛ ݶ -&%ᬚອ㐫ᑻຯ中ǎ ↷ בנ 㐢٨㜗-&%ᆳ㣍ⅰ ۆ ᑁǗ㘧ǘ䢬 ᒴ全球Ԝ㕵㤔ຯറⅰ␏➘㕷൰㇒ᬚ䢬՜㐿 ᐨ ڇ ᕔᗏⒷⅰ㧮㢍䢬् ᢪ㖸㖻⍣⓺㕵ಞ 㷞ᖍᑁധᕐ㐔᮪ۨ͜ ҵ⚕-&%ᖍᑁǎ㒃 ㇀ᐑእᒴ㖸㖻⍣ॺ發研㦦৴ⅰԯ 㬐⡃́ ˍ䢬͒ ⅰ研㐫ˍ大ື ዞ㭗㖸 㖻⍣় -&%ⅰ發ᐅἐǎǗ全球☺20 ⅰ㣊能ᒴϚᵦᒛⅰ䢬ᆳ͞ 研發㭗ᐅⅰ ᵦᒛᇤ⻐ഭ╆☺能ᬚ⦮㠙㕳⾾ǎ㖸㖻⍣ᬺᩬ ⅰ⽔ҥ㐿␗ᑹ▐ ࡘ ۞Ͼ䢬成 ᕲΧ䢬⡈˜လ㭗䢬↷ נ 䢬㖸㖻⍣ⅰ 㣊㎠٨ᐅἐຂ⚭㈷㐿20 䢬㏧Րೇ ᒏ㇀ ڏ മ㭓ⅰᐅἐѠ䢬् ᢪỼ༴研 ⦿㉋ǎॺ˗˽ⅰᕰϚ䢬㐛㦕ᇤ⻐ധᓠ۠ ٨Ǎ ࠇ ᜪ٨䢬㑅╆能ⅰ↷ⅰǎǘ ⊶૨㦗ˠ₇☸㙼 ۵ˍ㦕*"1.&ཙ͞ ⦨ㆄⅰ⏲研成ᗈᒴ Ǘᑓ় ㈷♐֖ ⥩ǘ䢬Րܻ 㡁Ǎᬺ ⤝Ǎ മ㣊Ǎᚕလ能大ື ༀዞ ڌ 䢬能༴ᅞ ᑜ૦個㦦৴䢬᭶㉘˗ ܒ 㣍ᥐǎㆯㆺつ 研發ⅰ*"1.& أ ύᐑእಲ२ᒧ͍ ♧䢬澳 大研發ⅰ֖ ⥩ܻ йᐨ㭗㑅⦮1 00 й䢬 ګ 1Աⅰᖍᑁܻ ྭ ᕐㅊ成1 000 Ա͞ ˔䢬Րܻ ᬺ ⤝လ能ᒴ↷ נ ˞₅☶ 㙺ⅰ ⦮ й䢬् ᢪ ۽ ѵ成ܻ ᰫ࣮ Ǎ⻖ ຉǍ് ˗ᰫǍ⻜ᠷ㡗ᰫ⓺ᤧ ަ 䢬̏ ۽ ২ॺॶૂ 中ε㏍⁰ЙǍᦘᮓ ύ䢻 ܒ ᒿ䢬ೇഭᕔ⨑♖ⅰܻ 㡁能؛ᒴ ↷ נ ˞₅☶㙺ⅰ2й䢬 ۽ ᑜᥨ中ܻ 㡁Ր中ⅰᥨᗯḳ䢬᪷ ᮼᬚǎ ಲᐑእ⻠⍵䢬㐛ᢋ֖ ⥩ኻӯᙀΧ༛ ⅰᓠ㐜᧖ε᳤̳ ⢊ؓ 䢬成ᕲ㑎Χᑜ 㤘ަ ǎ۵ૣ 䢬ॺ؛ಾလ能ᑚ㤘䢬ⁱᑜ ೇ⥩ᕅ㍇Ǎो࿀能؛ᕅ䢬Ց㭗ཷ လ ݶ ᪾㣓功能䢬 ۽ ᑜ㣊ಞǍཅ╋Ǎ 㒃㇀䢨䢩ᒴ㖸㖻⍣ॺ發研㦦৴ⅰԯ㬐⡃́ ˍ Xing Guichuan (left) is a pioneer in the development of perovskite solar cells
TOPIC INSIGHT • ന㧋ኼ〛 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 20 ᚕ⓺㦦৴ⅰ⛶⻗ᖍᑁ䢻ॺ㣊ಾလ能ᑚ 㤘䢬Ր⻠㤘㣊മἐ᳤ ↷ נ ˞₅☶㙺ⅰ й䢬 ۽ εᗰလ㣊ಞ࣮ͪ 䢬ᗰလ㣊 ḙǍ㣊࣮ 㡼⥥⓺䢻ᕍྭ 䢬֖ ⥩ ݶ ḳ♠⣜Ց⨏ତⅰ⇀လ䢬♠⣜ ۽ ॺՐ中 ⟜⧇ൠ䢬⧇㑕ಥ䢬् ᢪᕔᕤ ۽ ㊄㦦 ৴ѵ成ᚕလ能Ԗ₠Ǎḳ⇀လତⅰ ᑓˍ͜ ḳ㕕ಾ♲❌ᖍᑁǍ̿ 㐢࣮ ⓺ ަ ǎ↷ נ 䢬つᇤ⻐ᢩ エ˓㦕中२發 ᒛനǎ ע ᦵ⏴ᇦ澳㟓Ⓖḉ؝ *"1.&֖ ⡾⮍˗ ܒ 㦦৴ⅰḳύന೮ⅰ智 ᄏ䢬㈨ॺ⏲研ⅰᕍ נ ᦳ䢬̏ ཙ㦦澳㟑ॺ ḳύಾ ݶ ٨ಾಾ⏲ⅰ發ൠǎᬉಞ༏ᐑእ ⻠⍵䢬㐓㐿㟘ൠ૦㦕ᖍᑁ␗研䢬˗ ӄ᳤ 澳㟑㨱⏲ᇤ̿ ᆾ䢬ᕅᕔᕤ᳤ 澳㟑 ⅰᜪ♺ອϚᑓㅊ٨Ǎ᧘Մᑓ ؛ػ ǎ ↷ נ 䢬*"1.&̏ ˷ᏽ㟘發平ᖱ㧧⍵ᖍᑁ ⦾ᇤ⻐䢬⑆ᜲ 研ήധǗ ڏ മ㭓⥩㭓 㕵ಞ㷞ǘ䢨▐Ǘ㕵ಞ㷞ǘ䢬 ڏ മ㭓♃ ◍ᓧᖍᑁ́ ˍ䢩ⅰလ能發ዺᕍ大Ѡ䢬͞ ᕍᕔᐅⅰᑚཕᇮ㣊ㅊ成ǎ ㆯㆺ⇀㠙研ⅰ أ ύᐑእἔ㢱㳣⻠⍵䢬 ⁱᑜ㕵ಞ㡉৴ᐅᅞ䢬ӄ㐜㐿ゞ╆㕵ಞ㷞 ⅰ࿅◥ഠ䢬ൄ ͞۽ έ㕵ಞ㷞ⅰ發 Sun Guoxing explains that this new hydrogel can absorb up to 13,600 times its own weight in water. In other words, one gram of this hydrogel can absorb over 13,000 grams of water, which is three to four times the water-absorption ability of the most water-absorbent hydrogel ever recorded. Because of its superior water absorption ability, it can be used to make everyday products such as moisture absorbers, sanitary napkins, and diapers; or buried in the soil to retain water for farmland or deserts. Moreover, it can absorb twice as much organic pigment as the current versions of hydrogel. So it can be used to absorb the pollutants in waste water in order to produce clean water. According to Prof Sun, this hydrogel uses inexpensive cement as the cross-linking agent and therefore costs far less than the commercial products currently available on the market. In terms of mechanical properties, it is softer, more resilient, elastic, and shock-absorbent than rubber, which makes it an ideal material for cushions in many fields such as electronics, construction and machinery. In terms of electrical performance, its surface conductivity is five times greater than the highest surface conductivity ever recorded. It can be used to make flexible electronic devices, such as flexible printed circuits and capacitor diaphragms. Finally, hydrogels are highly compatible with biological cells and can provide a perfect environment for cells to live and grow. Therefore they can be used to make next-generation medical tissues or artificial organs, with the dual advantage of superior mechanical performance and high biological compatibility. Three China patents are pending for this technology. Enhancing Macao’s Competitiveness Through Cutting-edge Technology IAPME boasts a group of physicists and chemists who specialise in different fields. Together, they explore the frontiers of scientific research and promote the development of related disciplines in Macao. Prof Tang says that through initiating research studies in materials engineering, not only can the institute nurture science and technology professionals for Macao, but it will also hopefully bring about new changes to the industrial structure of Macao. Another focus of IAPME researchers’ efforts is the development of materials and technologies ಲ२ᒧ研發ⅰǗᑓ় ㈷♐֖ ⥩ǘᢩ エ˓㦕中२發ᒛ ന Three China patents are pending for this new type of super hydrogel developed by Sun Guoxing
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