表1. 醫藥業研發的毒液縮氨酸（資料來源：Bogin 2005） Table 1. Venom peptides developed by the pharmaceutical industry (Source: Bogin 2005) Nome Peptide Species Target/related protein Disease Clinicol stage Synthetic/modified venom peptides Prialt (SNX-111, Ziconotide) ω-Conotoxin MVIIA Conus magus Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels Cav2.2 Severe chronic inflammatory and neuropatic pain associated with cancer and AIDS Granted FDA Approval (Dec. 2004) AM336 ω-Conotoxin CVID Conus catus Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels Cav2.2 Severe chronic pain associated with cancer Phase II ACV1 α-Conotoxin Vc1.1 Conus victoriae Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Chronic neuropathic pain, and acceleration of recovery of injured neurons Preclinical Xen2174 χ-Conotoxin χMrIA Conus marmoreus Norepinephrine transporter (NET) Nociceptive and neuropathic pain Phase I ρ-Conotoxin ρ TIA Conus tulipa α1-adrenoreceptor Nociceptive and neuropathic pain Preclinical CGX-1160 Contulakin-G Conus geographus Neurotensin Receptor agonist Short-term management of post-operative pain Completed early Phase I CGX-1007 Conantokin-G Conus tulipa NMDA receptors NR2B subtype Nociceptive pain and control of seizures in intractable epilepsy Phase II TM-601 131I-Chlorotoxin Leiurus quinquestriatus Cl- Channel Brain tumors Phase II TM-701 I-Chlorotoxin Leiurus quinquestriatus Cl- Channel Chronic monotherapy and pharmaceutical sensitizer co-administered drug cocktails for cancer Preclinical Alfimeprase Fibrolase Southern copperhead viper (Agkistrodon contortrix) Fibrin Thrombolytic agent and catheter occlusion Phase II Contortrostatin Southern copperhead viper (Agkistrodon contortrix) Integrin Breast cancer Preclinical Exenatide Exendin-4 Gila monster (Helodermo suspectum) Glucagon-like peptide-1 Type-2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders 最後，在結束本文之前，我希望通過介紹基於毒液縮 氨酸藥物相關的研究，能夠幫助大家認識自然環境以 及動物的價值。最近有一些報告指出，許多兩棲動物 和爬行類動物的數量正在大幅下降，甚至瀕臨滅絕， 而其中一個主要原因就是棲息地的毀滅。毒液領域的 研究表明，自然環境以及生活在其中的動物是一個幾 乎尚未被挖掘的醫藥活性劑寶庫，因此我們有責任立 即採取行動，一同保護我們的自然環境和生活在其中 的野生動物。 Finally, I hope that the venom-based peptide drug research can also make people aware of the value of our natural environment and its animals. Recent reports suggest that many amphibians and reptiles are undergoing range reduction and extinction, and one of the main reasons is habitat destruction. As the field of venom studies shows, the natural environment and its animals is one of the virtually untapped sources of new pharmacologically active agents; therefore we have the responsibility and immediate need to protect and conserve our powerful natural environment and its animals. UMAGAZINE ISSUE 10 65 學院專欄．FACULTY COLUMN
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